青瓷經典:宋代五大名窯中的汝窯之美

文章導覽 ⋮⋮ 點選標題,快速索引

Song Dynasty Splendor

Ru Ware Celadon Mastery

宋代是中國人文藝術的高峰,涵蓋繪畫、書法、瓷器與圖書等領域,風貌多元而精湛。其藝術不僅在當時備受推崇,亦被後世奉為典範,具有深遠的研究價值。宋代美學尤以細膩、含蓄與優雅見長,這份氣質不只體現在筆墨之間,也清晰凝結於瓷器的質地之中。宋代有五大名窯之說:汝窯、官窯、鈞窯、定窯、哥窯;其中汝窯尤被推為北方青瓷之首,亦有五大名窯之冠的地位。

汝窯 青瓷膽瓶
Vase with bluish glaze, Ru ware (ca. 11th - 12th). Stoneware with light bluish glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei.

青瓷經典:宋代五大名窯中的汝窯之美  | 藝職學
Song Dynasty Splendor: Unveiling the Uniqueness of Ru Ware's Celadon Mastery | Art Learnings
Vase with bluish glaze, Ru ware (ca. 11th – 12th). Stoneware with light bluish glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei.
汝窯 青瓷膽瓶
Vase with bluish glaze, Ru ware (ca. 11th - 12th). Stoneware with light bluish glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei.

青瓷經典:宋代五大名窯中的汝窯之美  | 藝職學
Song Dynasty Splendor: Unveiling the Uniqueness of Ru Ware's Celadon Mastery | Art Learnings
Vase with bluish glaze, Ru ware (ca. 11th – 12th). Stoneware with light bluish glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei.

文章導覽 ⋮⋮ 汝窯天青釉推薦閱讀

Captivating Grace: The Enduring Charm of Ru Ware Pottery

清雅晶瑩的天青釉

汝窯得名於古窯址所在的汝州(今河南一帶),以青瓷聞名。其釉色常被形容為「雨過天青,雲破處」的天青色,被視為中國古代青瓷的高峰。汝瓷釉色清麗晶瑩,兼具青瓷的典雅與玉器般的溫潤,恰與宋代文人雅士的審美相契,因此汝窯亦常被推為五大名窯之首。

汝窯器形涵蓋碗、盤、瓶、洗、盞、水仙盆、尊等,多以簡潔流暢取勝,線條含蓄而優雅。其釉面細潤平整,釉色沉靜勻稱,帶來清冷而高雅的氣息。汝窯燒造時間不長,產量稀少,存世更為有限,因而汝瓷成為中國古代陶瓷中最珍貴的品類之一。

汝窯 青瓷蓮花式溫碗
Lotus-shaped warming bowl in light bluish-green glaze, Ru ware (ca.960-1127). Stoneware with light bluish-green glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei.

青瓷經典:宋代五大名窯中的汝窯之美  | 藝職學
Song Dynasty Splendor: Unveiling the Uniqueness of Ru Ware's Celadon Mastery | Art Learnings
Lotus-shaped warming bowl in light bluish-green glaze, Ru ware (ca.960-1127). Stoneware with light bluish-green glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei.
汝窯 青瓷蓮花式溫碗
Lotus-shaped warming bowl in light bluish-green glaze, Ru ware (ca.960-1127). Stoneware with light bluish-green glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei.

青瓷經典:宋代五大名窯中的汝窯之美  | 藝職學
Song Dynasty Splendor: Unveiling the Uniqueness of Ru Ware's Celadon Mastery | Art Learnings
Lotus-shaped warming bowl in light bluish-green glaze, Ru ware (ca.960-1127). Stoneware with light bluish-green glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei.

文章導覽 ⋮⋮ 汝窯天青釉推薦閱讀

Thin Bodies and Exquisite Glaze: Crafting Ru Ceramics

汝瓷以潔淨素雅著稱,被視為青瓷典範,關鍵在於晶瑩而典雅的釉色。以天青為主,亦見天藍、粉青、月白等色。釉層厚潤,色澤飽滿,如堆脂般凝厚,滋潤若玉。汝瓷以素雅釉色配合簡約器型,凸顯器物的空靈與樸質,充分體現宋代雅致的審美。

汝瓷胎體較薄,多呈香灰色。燒造採支釘支燒,因此器底常見細小支釘痕,以實現滿釉而不露坯的追求。其釉面有時可見細密紋片,稱為「開片」。開片源於釉與坯性質及膨脹係數不同,燒成冷卻時收縮速率不一,遂形成細裂紋理。

明代曹昭《格古要論》評汝瓷:「有蟹爪紋者真,無紋者尤好」,可見當時的鑑賞標準。國立故宮博物院所藏四件汝窯青瓷水仙盆中,便有一件為無紋之作。此水仙盆作四雲頭形足,採滿釉支燒,通體施天青釉,色澤略帶淺灰。外底可見六枚細支釘痕,支釘接觸處露出米黃胎色,而盆身釉面純淨,不見紋片。

汝窯 青瓷無紋水仙盆
Plain narcissus Basin with greenish-blue glaze, Ru ware (ca. 11th - 12th). Stoneware with greenish-blue glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei.

青瓷經典:宋代五大名窯中的汝窯之美  | 藝職學
Song Dynasty Splendor: Unveiling the Uniqueness of Ru Ware's Celadon Mastery | Art Learnings
Plain narcissus Basin with greenish-blue glaze, Ru ware (ca. 11th – 12th). Stoneware with greenish-blue glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei.
汝窯 青瓷無紋水仙盆
Plain narcissus Basin with greenish-blue glaze, Ru ware (ca. 11th - 12th). Stoneware with greenish-blue glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei.

青瓷經典:宋代五大名窯中的汝窯之美  | 藝職學
Song Dynasty Splendor: Unveiling the Uniqueness of Ru Ware's Celadon Mastery | Art Learnings
Plain narcissus Basin with greenish-blue glaze, Ru ware (ca. 11th – 12th). Stoneware with greenish-blue glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei.
汝窯 青瓷無紋水仙盆
Plain narcissus Basin with greenish-blue glaze, Ru ware (ca. 11th - 12th). Stoneware with greenish-blue glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei. 

青瓷經典:宋代五大名窯中的汝窯之美  | 藝職學
Song Dynasty Splendor: Unveiling the Uniqueness of Ru Ware's Celadon Mastery | Art Learnings
Plain narcissus Basin with greenish-blue glaze, Ru ware (ca. 11th – 12th). Stoneware with greenish-blue glaze. image © National Palace Museum, Taipei.

Ru Ware: A Pinnacle of Simplicity and Distinction in Celadon Art

宋瓷承襲前代燒造經驗,並進一步拓展瓷器燒製與裝飾工法的可能。汝窯作為宋代青瓷的重要代表,以極簡而獨特的風格脫穎而出。汝瓷不僅器型多樣,亦以支燒等工法追求滿釉之美;再加上開片肌理與晶瑩天青釉色,使其成為中國青瓷史上的里程碑。更重要的是,汝瓷以溫婉、空靈、雅致的氣質,為中國陶瓷藝術留下深刻印記,成為文化意蘊豐厚的經典之作。

REFERENCE
CITATION

文章導覽 ⋮⋮ 汝窯天青釉推薦閱讀

Discover more from Art Learnings

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Continue reading